English Spelling Reform

Linguists can only speculate about the exact sounds that the first alphabetic script represented (now dated back to approx. 1800 B.C.). In any case, languages constantly change phonetically in time and space. Italian, French, Portuguese, Spanish, etc. obviously are sister languages, all descended from Latin, and the Spanish of Buenos Aires can easily be recognized as somewhat different from that of Madrid. This explains to a large extent, why our alphabet and our spelling need to be reformed.

The Latin alphabet never was a good fit for English from the very beginning, inasmuch as it had insufficient letters. The fit became worse as pronunciation changed over the centuries and invaders—above all the Normans—introduced elements of their tongues. (The Norman invaders, originally Nordic Vikings, spoke a dialect of French). The fit was somewhat better for some dialects than others, but overall it was pretty bad, so much so that in approximately 1180 A.D. the British monk Orm made the first known attempt in history to do something about it.

His well-intended effort failed, as did many others across the centuries. The best known exponents of reform in England include Isaac Pitman, James Pitman and George Bernard Shaw, and in the U.S., Benjamin Franklin, Noah Webster, Theodore Roosevelt and Andrew Carnegie. Shaw bequeathed much of his estate to the cause of spelling reform. Andrew Carnegie contributed $600,000 (perhaps $6,000,000 in today's currency).

Many explanations have been put forward for these failures, from Orm's day down to the present, including one which now has no validity. In recent times, advances in linguistic science have led to the creation of alphabets around the world for hundreds of thousands of people and hundreds of languages for which no writing system had ever existed. One of the greatest in this field, if not the all-time great, was my professor Kenneth L. Pike at the University of Michigan. Through his system* and his efforts, innumerable so-called "primitive" or "third-world" people now have alphabets far, far superior to our own. So, from Orm until recent times, the reforms were far from ideal. Today, despite the problem posed by the expectations of speakers of different regional and social dialects of our language, proposed reforms can be virtually "perfect"—altogether so when compared with the incredibly archaic non-system that we have inherited.

Space-age technology has taken care of another problem: What to do with the millions of things now in print. Computers, high-speed scanners and offset presses can quickly convert the old to the nu, so anything worth republishing can be reprinted in no time at all. However, during a transition period, everyone will be biliterate, like those who also know English shorthand, though NuSpel is much, much easier to learn. As a terrific bonus, NuSpel provides the best possible way for little children and older illiterates to learn OldSpel following techniques tested out in the valuable i.t.a. (initial teaching alphabet) experiments carried out in both the United Kingdom and the United States.

Other problems relate to inertia and resistance to change. Kemal Ataturk of Turkey and Kim Il Sung of North Korea handled this problem very handily when imposing new, totally different writing systems on their people, but arbitrary dictatorial approaches, thankfully, cannot be employed in democracies. This reality leads to an understanding of the real reason previous campaigns for reform failed. Even when championed by prestigious figures like those mentioned above and with the aid of abundant funding, efforts to introduce something new from "above" rather than "below" are not the way to go. The way to go... is with you.

To truly succeed in this or anything, a movement has to proceed from the people, from the so-called grass roots up. So contributions to the NuSpel campaign, large and small, from young and old, toward erasing the disgrace of seeing our country fall behind third-world countries in terms of literacy will not be employed to lobby government, starting figuratively at the top, but to connect up with the bold, adventurous, pioneering spirits who will be the first in history, against all odds, inertia and opposition, to bring about such an unparalled, incredible, formidable, awesome, invaluable change.

A word on the role of youth in this. Elsewhere I have referred to a little ditty that's an itty bitty witty but omits the nitty gritty:

Appeal to their reason,

Appeal to their pride,

Appeal to their honor,

Then appeal to their hide.

This is supposed to be a guide to adults for incentivating desired behavior in the young. Actually, all that adults have to do, drawing on their vast knowledge and experience, is to provide the young with a small glimpse of something worthy of their enthusiasm and creativity and stand back. But the importance of the grass roots must always be emphasized. Governmental initiatives, guidance and leadership are indispensable, but if broad public support is lacking, not much will happen.

A grassroots campaign means involvement, doing things yourself (alone and with others) and sharing the results—not just signing petitions and leaving it at that, though we'll sign plenty of them once we've got lots of tangible accomplishments to show to the people upstairs.

Of all possibilities in this world loaded with possibilities, the very best for purposes of alphabet reform is NuSpel clubs and interest groups. The NuSpelStart-Up Kit (listed along with other literacy materials) will give young and old a glimpse of the possibilities and help to get them started. NuSpel clubs and groups can be organized anywhere, especially at schools and colleges, but anywhere at all where participants can be brought together.

Another, very significant way to promote literacy is to use or suggest spelling and alphabet reform as a topic for speech classes and debate clubs at schools and universities. Many articles, pro and con, can be found on the internet, together with different approaches to the problem, from Cut Spelng to George Bernard Shaw's alphabet to NuSpel. Just type in "spelling reform" for a search, or try http://www.barnsdle.demon.co.uk/spell/index.html, for example. See also What's in the Way? and similar discussions on this site.

Please e-mail or snail-mail reports of your activities, your suggestions, comments, and other items for publication (stories, poems, recipes, jokes, quotations, song lyrics, cartoons, alphadoodles, whatever—preferably in NuSpel, or let us do the conversion and/or scanning) to Space-Age Literacy Unlimited our NuSpel electronic newsletter. Get your own club or group going strong and then help others to get started. I can already hear you saying, before long, "What's this about grass roots? What we've got going here is oak roots!"


*Kenneth L. Pike. Phonemics: A Technique for Reducing Languages to Writing. Ann Arbor. The University of Michigan Press, 1956 (fifth printing).

From Copyists to Digital Fonts and Scanners


Until the invention of printing with movable type (about 1440), all copies as well as originals, of course, had to be handwritten. Copyists had a profession of crucial importance. Many of their manuscripts were beautifully inscribed and illuminated (decorated). Now we have word processors, laser printers, high-speed offset presses, copy machines, fax machines, etc. which do in seconds what used to take many hours. Of special interest are scanners. With optical character recognition (OCR), they can digitize any text and automatically convert it to the desired font and type style. So reform of our archaic unscientific spelling is no problem as far as converting old texts to the nu is concerned. With software of the spelling checker type and a digitized OldSpel-NuSpel dictionary, it can be done in a flash. During the transition from old to nu, everyone will be "biliterate" in OldSpel and NuSpel. The young will learn OldSpel through the initial teaching alphabet (i.t.a.) approach. The old will easily soak up NuSpel as if "by osmosis." To have a look at the i.t.a. method, click on Poor Little Sick Boy. The Adobe Acrobat Reader is required. Click here to download it free of charge.

For more information on the crucial importance of English spelling reform and the origin of our alphabet (from the Semitic beginnings through Nordic runes to a modified Latin system), please click here.




Dear caring, concerned citizen:

There are an estimated 40 million illiterates above the age of 15 in the United States of America who are unable to fill out job applications and perform other relatively simple reading and writing tasks. They are rightly referred to as disadvantaged—extremely so.

All of us must spend years learning to read and write and spell—a never fully accomplished task. Professional proofreaders miss spelling misteaks in manuscripts. (I know. I've been one.) After so many years, graduate students and professors, still "orthographically challenged," pronounce unfamiliar words in a text on a basis of hit and miss—mostly miss. Our spelling drives foreigners trying to learn our language bonkers. Our dictionaries must give keys and guides to the pronunciation of every single word. Not true for the pronunciation of one single word in Spanish, Portuguese, German, Italian, Finnish, Dutch, Swedish, Russian, etc., etc. Our computer software has to provide spelling checkers. We have spelling bees (unknown in countries with far superior writing systems) and are dazzled when the 14-year-old U.S. champion properly spells eleven words which, if we had a decent way to spell, could easily be handled by a kindergartner.

Remedial reading instruction and texts, tapes and diskettes for this constitute a major industry in our country. We spend years on what rightly ought to be accomplished in a few months—years that ought to be devoted instead to math, science, art, music, literature, creative and technical writing, history, geography, foreign languages, computer science and many other crucial, vital, exciting and enriching studies and pursuits. Billions of dollars are thrown at this, but the only true solution is suggested by the legend of the Gordian knot. No one could undo a knot tied by King Gordius of Phrygia. Then Alexander the Great came by and simply cut it in two with his sword. "Hey! Not fair!" we are apt to exclaim. So, is it fair that our children and all of us should be perpetually hogtied, strung up and hung up by our Gordian spelling, our brains and stomachs tied in knots by it, and millions... tragically... never managing to adequately cope with it and not infrequently giving up and dropping out in despair? Why should we citizens of supposedly progressive nations, the most advanced on earth, so unknowledgeably and senselessly cling to an ancient, impossibly irregular non-system of spelling that has no place in this space age, this computer age? Endowed with a nearly perfect Spanish spelling system, so-called "third world" countries like Bolivia and Cuba are actually leaving us in the dust in their efforts to eliminate illiteracy. Shouldn't a disgraceful, utterly mortifying fact like this finally move us to action? Let's cut this knot! Intelligently, resolutely, and without hesitation! With a Power Alphabet.

Throughout history, elitest upper classes, scribes—yes, and even scholars and teachers—have conspired to keep reading and writing difficult, arcane and exclusive, for their power, prestige, and profit rather than doing all in their power to lift up and uplift the exploited masses. Let's strike a blow against elitists of today who resist making spelling perfectly simple, scientific, logical, regular and easy for everyone. For the best rebuttal ever written against elitists who would have us believe that our writing system (Not!) is so glorious it shouldn't be touched, read Valter Tauli's article "Speech and Spelling" in Advances in the Creation and Revision of Writing Systems, edited by Joshua A. Fishman, Mouton, The Hague, 1977.


For its day, this 12th-century cart with solid wood wheels worked very well. Cartwrights could be proud of their workmanship. Now, of course, we have cars and trucks that far surpass horses and carts in power, load capacity and advantages and conveniences of all kinds. In the same century (approx. 1180 A.D.) a British monk named Orm tried to reform our spelling for the first time known to history. For his day, long before the development of computers, other space-age wonders and linguistic science, he could have been proud of his effort. How would you like to be the proud owner of a new pickup with wheels from this cart? How do you like spellings many centuries old like "ought" and others without number that are not fit for our day?

If a child were treed by a vicious dog, wouldn't we rush to the rescue? Ironically, our spelling has got us up a tree too. So to rescue our children and grandchildren, we must leap into an exciting, truly historic adventure. Unaccountably, we've somehow come to view our spelling as though crystallized in its present* form forever by unalterable laws of nature. Since we can't do anything about the weather all we do is talk about it. Something very definitely can be done about our spelling, so why delay? Let's take the leap with both feet and start talking and doing! No other generation has been up to it for over 800 years. Let the excitement and honor of the incredible achievement be ours.

The first and best thing to do is to become well informed and then inform others. For valuable up-to-date information and how to make effective use of it, read the remaining web pages at this site. The Training Wheels Alphabet Book shows (to the maximum extent possible in OldSpel) what an ideal spelling is like and demonstrates its unparalleled value, getting learners of any age off to a fast, secure, confidence-building start as they learn the alphabet and the alphabetic principle. Basically, it employs the sounds (technically, phonemes) most commonly attached to our traditional 26 letters. <a> is always as in <as>, not <all>, <g> as in <go>, not <gem>.For example, at, add, tack and hand are utilized but also, above, ate, many, half, laugh, etc. are not. The only digraphs allowed are simple ones which invariably represent one sound only (ck, dd, etc.). Bizarre relics of the type found in debt, freight, height, taught, fought, might, aisle, ocean, shoe, sugar, should, through, etc., etc., are not included.

So, phonemically speaking, The Training Wheels Alphabet Book is only a tiny bit less than perfect, and there is nothing better to give learners the support and confidence they need to get started. Try it out with a little child, as my 9- year-old granddaughter Heidi has with her 5-year-old sister Lisa—or with an older, possibly struggling learner—and discover how easy and speedy teaching and learning can be with a first reader which comes close to realizing the ideal of 100% space-age spelling. Please have a look at the brief descriptions of other items that further explain and demonstrate what this is all about. All of us will be "biliterate," of course, during the transition from the old to the nu. The nu, by far, no question, absolutely, hands down, no contest, is the easiest to learn.

The IRS has accorded tax-deductible status to individual and corporate donations to this long-overdue endeavor. Please participate as fully and enthusiastically as you can in this crucial history-making cause. We will be so grateful, and you will accord yourself a prominent place on history's honor roll as a deeply caring, concerned contributor to the space-age realization of Orm's 800-year-old dream.

Very sincerely,



Wendell H. Hall